Ranters of Mow Cop

Ranters of Mow Cop

Thursday 3 October 2019

The Subversive Evangelical: The Ironic Charisma of an Irreligious Megachurch


My latest Book Review in Journal of Contemporary Religion

The Subversive Evangelical: The Ironic Charisma of an Irreligious Megachurch

by Peter J. Schuurman, Montreal, Quebec & Kingston, Ontario: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2019, Advancing Studies in Religion 6, 358 pp., CAD120.00 (hb), CAD32.95 (pb), ISBN 978–0–7735–5732–1 (bb), ISBN 978–0–7735–5733–8 (pb)




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Tuesday 10 September 2019

Just Launched... Faith in Newham Website

For all our friends in Newham and a marvellous resource for anyone interested in urban religion past and present and my research during the 1980's and 1990s ..https://faithinnewham.co.uk/ Many thanks to Colin Marchant, Matthew Porter and Jeremy Acott for all the work that has gone into this.

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Tuesday 30 July 2019

8 Evangelicals and economics.. Consolidated findings from 21st Century Evangelicals Research Programme

8 Evangelicals and economics

This section contains a very large number of data tables drawn from several of the different waves of our survey programme, and commentary is limited. The overall picture is that most evangelicals in the UK are comfortably affluent, prudent in money management, modest in spending, generous in giving and ethically and socially concerned for economic justice and equality.

An more easily printable version in  pdf format can be downloaded here  https://btcloud.bt.com/web/app/share/invite/3ks0s7I0UT


Are UK evangelicals in any way different from the average citizen in terms of their experience of money, finance and patterns of consumption? In an economy dominated by capitalism, market forces and neo-liberal economic policy is it possible that Christians can be counter-cultural rather than conformed to this word?

One wave of the panel surveys carried out in Autumn 2012 was entitled "Does Money Matter?" and a short popular report with this title was published early in 2013. Further surveys covering employment, poverty and ethical consumption and an omnibus survey including questions about consumer spending added to our data on the subject. In the 21st Century evangelicals book no specific chapter was devoted to economic issues and the recent research literature on such topics appears very sparse and largely concentrating on North America or continental Europe.

This chapter therefore is an attempt to compile everything we have gathered in terms of releant survey data and to reflect on the implications from a sociological perspective. Given the long history of social scientists such as Weber, Marx, Tawney and Halevy making links between religion and economics – and recent initiatives by the Church of England and Archbishop Justin Welby in particular to speak into the financial culture of our times through the Just Finance Foundation etc. the topic seems ripe for study.

Sections (click link to jump there)


References


The evangelical financial ethic: Doubled forms and the search for God in the economic world

First published: 24 May 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12308


Evangelicals: Linking fervency of faith and generosity of giving


Findings from our surveys

Income

Three of our surveys asked a direct question about household income or monthly pay.

The tables below are self explanatory and suggest that for the most part our evangelical respondents have a comfortable regular income, and a very small minority seem to face hardship or distress.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Which of these most closely reflects your household annual income?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Under £10,000

5.1%

54

£10-19,999

14.9%

159

£20-29,999

21.7%

231

£30-39,999

16.0%

170

£40-49,999

13.5%

144

£50-59,999

8.8%

94

£60-75,000

6.9%

74

Over £75,000

8.8%

94

Prefer not or unable to say

4.2%

45

answered question

1065

skipped question

72





Poverty survey November 2014

What is your own household's monthly disposable income? (Please include take home pay after tax of all earners - plus any benefits, pensions and other unearned income)

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Less than £500

6.7%

96

£501 to £750

5.1%

74

£751 to £1,000

7.1%

102

£1,001 to £1,500

14.8%

213

£1,501 to £2,000

18.2%

261

£2,001 to £3,000

23.9%

344

£3,001 to £5,000

18.8%

270

More than £5,000

5.4%

77

answered question

1437

skipped question

170









21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

What is the approximate level of your (personal) take home pay after tax and other deductions each month (from all your current paid employment)?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Less than £300 per month

4.6%

61

£301 - £500

4.7%

62

£501 - £1000

11.4%

150

£1,001 - £1,500

16.9%

222

£1,501 - £2,000

15.8%

208

£2,001 - £3,000

16.8%

221

£3001 - £5000

5.2%

68

More than £5,000

3.4%

44

It varies considerably each month

4.5%

59

I do not currently work for pay

16.6%

218

answered question

1313

skipped question

69



Poverty survey November 2014

In terms of your current level of finances which of the following phrases best applies?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Comfortable with no financial worries

58.3%

927

Usually getting by

30.1%

479

Often struggling to pay the bills

5.7%

90

Wealthy or affluent

4.5%

71

Constantly battling with poverty and debt

1.3%

21

Destitute

0.1%

1

answered question

1589

skipped question

18



In 2012 - about four years after the great financial crisis we asked how incomes had been changing. 39% had experienced some fall in income compared with 30% who had seen an increase.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Comparing your household income today with the way it was three years ago would you say it is:

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Considerably higher

6.2%

66

Slightly higher

23.5%

252

About the same

31.3%

336

Slightly lower

23.7%

254

Considerably lower

15.4%

165

answered question

1073

skipped question

64



However, 72% felt that their income had fallen behind price rises, suggesting that few are immune from the results of recession.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Looking back over the last two or three years, would you say that your household's income has:

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Fallen much behind prices

20.6%

221

Fallen a little behind prices

51.4%

551

Kept up with prices

20.1%

215

Gone up by more than prices

6.1%

65

Gone up by much more than prices

1.9%

20

answered question

1072

skipped question

65



Nonetheless our respondents faith and values cause almost 90% to regard their financial situation with contentment, or see it as a blessing.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Thinking about your financial situation today which of the following statements is closest to your feelings?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

I praise God for the wealth and prosperity He's given me

36.9%

397

I can say to God I'm content with what I've got

51.2%

550

I sometimes ask God for more money

10.3%

111

I keep asking God why I am really struggling with money

1.6%

17

answered question

1075

skipped question

62



Viewed over a lifetime a majority said they had experienced worse financial situations than the present.

Poverty survey November 2014

At earlier stages of your life have you ever been any of the following? Please tick all that apply

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Significantly worse off than now

52.4%

825

Significantly better off than now

34.6%

545

Really struggling to pay your way

24.9%

392

Needing to rely on means-tested welfare benefits

12.6%

198

In serious debt problems

10.5%

165

Unable to stay in employment because of illness or disability

6.2%

97

Living in poverty

5.2%

82

Unable to stay in employment because of caring responsibilities for an adult or sick or disabled child

1.8%

29

None of the above

18.8%

296



answered question

1573

skipped question

34



More than half of our respondents received some part of their income from state benefits, though these were mostly in the form of universal benefits such as state pensions or child benefits. Very small proportions were in receipt of means tested benefits.





21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Does any of your household's income come from any of the following state benefits? Tick all you receive:

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Child benefit /tax credits

26.4%

271

State old age pension

26.3%

270

Disability rated benefits

6.8%

70

Working family tax credits

4.7%

48

JSA, ESA or other work related benefits

2.8%

29

Housing benefit

2.3%

24

Other means-tested benefits

2.2%

23

None

42.7%

439

Other (please specify)

61

answered question

1028

skipped question

109



Personal savings credit and debt etc.

A majority had some access to pension provision beyond the basic state pension.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Do you have any of the following forms of pension provision (in addition to entitlement to the basic state pension)?

Answer Options

Yes I am paying into it regularly

Yes but it is frozen or deferred

Yes and I am now drawing income from it

No

Response Count

A final salary based pension scheme

26%

13%

25%

36%

100%

A personal pension fund

20%

14%

11%

55%

100%

A stakeholder pension

11%

4%

2%

84%

100%

answered question

1074

skipped question

63



And four out of five felt they could look forward to an adequate or generous retirement income.



From Generation to Generation - February 2016

Do you have (or expect to have) a pension or retirement income which...

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

is/ will be adequate for your needs

70.5%

1143

is/ will be insufficient for your needs

14.9%

241

is/ will be enough for you to live in affluence

11.5%

187

not expecting to have a pension and will have to rely on welfare and charity or carry on working

3.1%

50

Please add any comments

255

answered question

1621

skipped question

64





Most of the panel had some savings or investments, prudently invested.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Do you have any of the following forms of savings or investments?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

A savings account at a bank or building society

85.2%

862

An ISA

77.4%

783

Stocks or shares in public companies

32.4%

328

Other financial investments (e.g. endowment policies, unit trusts)

31.1%

315

A home or property other than your main residence

17.9%

181

Assets or shares related to a business which you own or are a partner

4.2%

43

answered question

1012

skipped question

125



However for 18% this amounted to £1000 or less.. while for around 20% it was £100k or over.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Which of the following best represents the value of your savings and investments (not including the home that you live in or funds that are tied into pension schemes)?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Nothing at all

6.7%

70

Less than £1000

10.9%

114

£1000 - £9999

24.5%

256

£10,000 - £99,999

38.0%

397

£100,000 - £499,999

16.5%

172

£500,000 to £1 million

2.7%

28

Over £1 million

0.8%

8

answered question

1045

skipped question

92









Remarkably few of our evangelicals – compared with the general population in our consumer and debt driven economy – seem to rely on loans and credit with nearly half say they have never used loans or credit except for a mortgage on their homes. These figures probably reflect the age profile of the panel as much as their general level of affluence and Christians values of contentment and prudence.


21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Do you personally have debts or loans of any of the following sort, and how manageable are they?

Answer Options

No, never have had

Not at the moment

Yes but it's not a problem

Yes and I'm worried about how to repay it

Response Count

Student loan

75%

12%

11%

2%


Catalogue or mail order payment agreement

69%

26%

5%

0%


Store credit cards

50%

36%

14%

0%


Hire purchase or credit agreements on other goods

49%

44%

7%

0%


Personal credit card (Visa, Mastercard etc) with outstanding balance not paid off monthly

48%

28%

21%

3%


A car loan

47%

42%

10%

1%


Bank overdraft

40%

41%

16%

2%


A mortgage or loan on your home

17%

41%

41%

2%


answered question

1114

skipped question

23



Still fewer had resorted to sub-prime lenders.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Have you borrowed money from any of the following ?

Answer Options

No never

In the past but not at the moment

Yes (currently) but it's not a problem

Yes and I'm worried about how to repay it

Response Count

Loan sharks in your community

100%

0%

0%

0%


Pawn shops

99%

1%

0%

0%


Doorstep credit companies (Provident or similar)

99%

1%

0%

0%


Payday loans

99%

1%

0%

0%


Social fund loans (from Benefits Agency)

99%

1%

0%

0%


A Credit Union

98%

1%

0%

0%


A cash loan against the security of your vehicle or home

92%

7%

1%

0%


Family or friends

44%

47%

9%

0%


answered question

1116

skipped question

21



The following two tables also show that indebtedness other than an average mortgage is rare among these evangelicals.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Have you ever?

Answer Options

Yes

No

Response Count

Consulted a financial adviser to help manage your money

45%

55%


Received 'Martin's Money' e-mails

30%

70%


Received financial help from your church, minister or from another Christian you know

24%

76%


Been refused credit or a loan after a credit check

11%

89%


Asked your church or minister for financial help

5%

95%


Approached any other debt advice service for help with your debt situation

3%

97%


Approached a CAP (Christians Against Poverty) centre for help with your debt situation

2%

98%


Been harassed or attacked because of a bad debt

2%

98%


Been declared bankrupt

1%

99%


Had items repossessed

1%

99%


If you approached a debt advice service other than CAP (please specify)

35

answered question

1115

skipped question

22







21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

In total what is the amount of money you need to repay to clear your debts?

Answer Options

Nothing

Under £1,000

£1,000 - £9,999

£10,000 - £49,999

£50,000 - £250,000

Over £250,000

Don't Know

Response

Count

Mortgage on your home

57%

1%

3%

12%

25%

2%

1%



All other debts

58%

11%

20%

10%

1%

0%

0%


answered question

1106

skipped question

31













This table confirms there is a culture of prudence, financial responsibility, integrity and literacy in money matters, with aversion to being in debt.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

In terms of your feelings about money and debt please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

I try as hard as I can never to borrow money and get into debt.

52%

31%

11%

5%

1%


I feel I am good at managing my money and avoiding problems with it.

35%

46%

12%

6%

1%


I am at ease with taking out a mortgage or loan in order to purchase my home.

30%

46%

14%

7%

3%


I do a lot of research to make sure I am getting the best deals.

20%

50%

23%

7%

0%


When I was growing up no-one ever taught me or talked about how to manage money.

11%

26%

12%

38%

14%


I feel very confused by all the figures involved in credit deals, loans and interest payments.

6%

19%

23%

34%

17%


I really enjoy an occasional day out shopping at a large mall or retail park.

6%

25%

27%

28%

14%


I am at ease with borrowing money whenever I need it to buy something.

2%

8%

16%

39%

35%


answered question

1111

skipped question

26



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statements

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

Christians should avoid all forms of gambling.

37%

39%

17%

6%

2%

100%

Christians should make sensible financial investments to provide for their families and their own old age.

28%

61%

10%

1%

0%

100%

I think it is important to take out insurance to cover the risk of loss of the things I own.

18%

59%

16%

6%

1%

100%

Speculation and taking risks on the financial markets is morally wrong.

9%

21%

44%

22%

4%

100%

answered question

1079

skipped question

58



Work



One in five of the respondents were retired, and only small numbers of the rest (students, home-makers, unemployed etc.) were economically inactive. More than half were currently employees and almost everyone had been employed at some point of their life.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

What is your current employment status? (Please tick only one answer)

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

I am an employee with one paid job only

47.2%

644

I am retired

20.6%

281

Other or some combination of the above (please specify)

12.2%

166

I work on a self-employed basis

9.1%

124

I am an employee with two or more paid jobs

4.9%

67

I am a full-time student with no paid work

2.3%

32

I am currently a full-time homemaker or carer

1.4%

19

I am not currently employed and not looking for work, or not able to work

1.2%

16

I am unemployed and seeking work

1.0%

14

answered question

1363

skipped question

19







21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Whether you are currently in work or not, have you EVER in your life been in paid employment?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes

98.8%

1356

No

1.2%

16

answered question

1372

skipped question

10





Over 70% currently or previously were in full time work. Part-time work and career breaks to care for children were more common among women.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

On average how many hours per week do/did you spend working for pay? (If you have/had more than one paid job please give the overall total)

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

More than 60

6.6%

87

41 - 60

30.1%

394

28 - 40

37.4%

490

15 - 27

15.2%

199

8 - 14

5.5%

72

1 - 7

1.4%

18

Occasional, casual or variable hours

3.7%

49

answered question

1309

skipped question

73







About one in three employed respondents are or were members of a workplace trade union but only a small minority are actively involved and slightly more will not join on principle.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Are/were you a member of a trade union?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes - I am/was not very active but I am/was glad for the support the union offers

24.2%

296

No - there is/was a union at my workplace but there is no expectation that I should join

17.5%

214

There is/was no trade union but I am/was a member of a staff association or professional body

16.5%

202

I am self-employed so union membership is not relevant

12.3%

151

No - because the employer does/did not recognise or allow a union

11.2%

137

No - there is/was a union but it is/was against my principles to join

7.3%

89

Yes - but I am/was not very keen on the way it operates

6.8%

83

Yes - and I am/was very active within it

4.3%

53

answered question

1225

skipped question

157





Many were required to work unsocial hours. This was especially the case for those who worked for the Church (Sundays can be busy) or a Christian organisation.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Does/did your job require you to frequently work unsocial hours? Please tick all that apply.

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

None of the above - I just work regular hours on weekdays

35.7%

441

I have to go to or stay at work in the evenings

35.3%

435

I regularly bring work home with me

35.0%

432

I have to work over weekends

30.6%

378

I need to be on call or available to colleagues or customers when I am at home.

24.8%

306

I have to work on a changing shift pattern

7.5%

92

I am required to work on Sundays which prevents me from attending church

6.3%

78

I have to do night shifts

5.0%

62

Other unsocial or inconvenient work pattern (please specify)

173

answered question

1234

skipped question

148



Unpaid work was also frequent for many.. especially in the home and for church.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

In an average week how many hours do you spend doing unpaid work in each of the following areas?

Answer Options

None

1-3 hours

4-10 hours

More than 20 hours

Response Count

Domestic labour (housework, shopping, DIY etc)

4%

41%

50%

5%


Work for your church

15%

45%

34%

7%


Caring for children (your own or other people's)

49%

18%

19%

13%


Work for other Christian organisations

58%

28%

10%

4%


Gardening

36%

55%

9%

0%


Caring for adults

72%

19%

7%

2%


Work for a secular charity, voluntary or community organisation

71%

21%

7%

1%


Other unpaid work (please specify)

109

answered question

1277

skipped question

105





21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Have you ever done an extended period (over a week) of unpaid work ? Please tick all that apply.

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes - a gap year or a long-term voluntary work placement of more than a month with a church, charity or community organisation

22.2%

269

Yes - at least one voluntary work placement of between one and four weeks

21.1%

256

Yes - a work experience placement during my studies

18.2%

220

Yes - an unpaid internship with an employer before or after my studies

2.6%

31

Yes - a period of unpaid work as part of a sentence from the courts

0.2%

2

No - I have never done any of the above

51.7%

627

If Yes please give some details

282

answered question

1212

skipped question

170



25% are or were employed by he Church or a Christian organisation, with almost as many in the health or social care sector. The NHS and other public sector work was also common as was the charitable sector. Remarkably few were or are employed in the private sector, especially in industry. Evangelicals seem less interested in making profits than making prophets!



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

In which sector(s) or industry(ies) is/was your current or most recent job?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

The Church or a Christian organisation

24.7%

328

Education sector

23.0%

306

NHS or other health or social care related

14.5%

193

Other (please specify)

10.2%

135

Other public sector (e.g. civil service, local government)

8.6%

114

Voluntary or charitable sector

8.0%

106

Financial services, banking accountancy etc

6.2%

83

Service industry such as retail, catering, leisure

5.9%

78

Manufacturing industry

4.2%

56

Construction, building maintenance or property

2.0%

26

Transport (rail, road, shipping, aviation)

2.0%

27

Agriculture, forestry or extraction (mining /oil etc)

0.8%

10

answered question

1329



Given the average age of our panel it is no surprise than more than half have been at work for 30 or more years.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

How many years is it since you started to work for pay?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Less than 2

1.7%

22

3 - 5

4.7%

60

6 - 10

5.9%

75

11 - 20

14.0%

178

21 - 30

19.0%

242

31 - 40

26.3%

334

More than 40

28.1%

358

I have never worked for pay

0.2%

3

answered question

1272

skipped question

110



Using the standard occupational categories for socio-economic groups nearly a quarter can be described as professionals, nearly half as Bs (managers and lower professionals) and less than 10% as manual workers.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Which best describes the type of work you do (or did in your last job)?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

A. Professional, senior manager in business or commerce, senior civil servant (e.g. accountant, doctor, solicitor, head teacher, director, bishop)

23.4%

305

B. Middle manager in large organisation, principal officer in local government or civil service, owner or senior manager of small business, educational or service establishments (e.g. teacher, vicar, senior nurse/sister, systems analyst, civil engineer)

47.7%

622

C1. Junior managers, owner of small establishment (e.g. nurse, receptionist,office worker, photographer, student, driving instructor)

20.0%

261

C2. Skilled manual worker, manual worker with responsibility for others (e.g. butcher, electrician, plumber, bus/HGV/taxi driver, florist, cook, hairdresser)

4.3%

56

D. Semi-skilled and unskilled manual worker, apprentice or trainee to skilled worker (e.g. labourer, junior shop assistant, waiter/waitress, window cleaner)

4.1%

53

E. Casual workers with no regular income, those dependent on the state long-term

0.5%

6

answered question

1303

skipped question

79





Using education as a measure nearly three quarters are at least graduates. It is worth bearing in mind that most were educated before 1980 after which university education became more commonplace.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

What is the highest educational or professional qualification you have obtained?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

No qualifications

1.5%

20

GCSEs or equivalent

5.4%

71

BTEC, diploma, apprenticeship or vocational qualification achieved after leaving school

9.2%

121

A-levels (Highers) or equivalent

9.3%

122

A university degree

32.3%

424

Postgraduate qualifications (Higher degree or postgraduate professional qualification)

42.3%

556

answered question

1314

skipped question

68



Nearly two thirds had some management or supervisory responsibility at work.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

In your work do/did you have managerial or supervisory responsibility for other staff and/or volunteers?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes for 10 or more people

23.7%

308

Yes for fewer than 10 people

40.0%

519

No

36.3%

471

answered question

1298

skipped question

84



Only about 20% had a long commute of over an hour to work.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Where is/was your main place of work?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

At home

13.0%

169

Within a mile of my home

16.3%

212

Within a 30-minute journey from home

43.8%

568

Between 30 minutes and 1 hour journey from home

16.9%

220

More than a 1 hour journey from home but I still commute

4.9%

64

So far from home I need to spend most of the week or longer periods away from home

1.0%

13

It varies - I move around a lot with my work

4.0%

52

Other (please specify)

36

answered question

1298

skipped question

84



Most people over their lifetime had held several different jobs.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

In your working life how many different jobs (posts) have you held?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

None

0.2%

2

Only one

3.5%

42

Two

7.9%

94

3-5

47.1%

561

More than 5

41.3%

492

answered question

1191

skipped question

191



Over a third had been made redundant at least once.


21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Have you ever been made redundant or lost your job?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Never

62.4%

792

Once

25.8%

328

More than once

11.7%

149

answered question

1269

skipped question

113

60% at least once had claimed unemployment benefits at least for a short time.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Have you ever claimed unemployment or other out of work benefits (JSA, ESA, incapacity benefit or similar)?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Never

39.2%

191

Once for a period of no more than 13 weeks

23.2%

113

Once for a longer period than 13 weeks

17.0%

83

More than once but never for a longer period than 13 weeks

10.1%

49

More than once and for long periods

10.5%

51

Other (please specify)

22

answered question

487

skipped question

895



While they had experienced moral support from church when unemployed there seemed to be relatively little by way of practical or financial help – though of course many would never have asked or accepted any.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Did you get any of the following kinds of church-based support to help you manage while out of work, or to find new work? Please tick all that were available to you.

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Prayer support

56.8%

243

Emotional and pastoral support

43.7%

187

Opportunities to contribute as a volunteer worker

24.3%

104

Gifts of money, food or goods

18.0%

77

Offers of paid work from church members

6.3%

27

Paid work for the church

4.7%

20

A job club or practical help to find new work

2.8%

12

Signposted or referred by the church to a relevant secular project or agency

1.4%

6

A support group for people in similar situations

1.4%

6

None of the above

31.3%

134

Other (please specify)

70

answered question

428

skipped question

954







21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Have you ever taken a career break (for more than a couple of months) for any of the following reasons? Please tick all that apply.

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

To concentrate on raising children

32.1%

269

Maternity or paternity leave

30.2%

253

To do a course of study

25.4%

213

A period of unemployment

24.1%

202

A period of sickness

20.3%

170

To have a sabbatical

10.8%

90

Time off for work-related stress

9.3%

78

Other

8.2%

69

To take an extended holiday or travel

5.4%

45

To care for another relative (or friend)

3.6%

30

Please feel free give some details

261

answered question

837

skipped question

545



The next couple of tables suggest that for the most part evangelical Christians feel happy and fulfilled in their work rather than alienated in the Marxist sense of the term. Most seem to have a sense of vocation and to have found work which is in line with not only their interest and skills but with their ethical and religious values.





21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

How do/did you feel about your job? To what extent do you agree or disagree that:

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

I am interested in my work

57%

36%

5%

2%

1%


I value the contact with people that comes with my job.

44%

46%

8%

1%

0%


I believe my work is worthwhile because it brings benefit to society.

42%

40%

13%

4%

2%


I am treated with respect by the people I work with

39%

52%

7%

2%

0%


I feel a strong sense of calling to the work I do.

38%

30%

20%

9%

3%


I enjoy good friendly relationships with my colleagues.

33%

57%

9%

1%

0%


I am sufficiently challenged by my work

31%

49%

11%

7%

2%


I feel valued for the work I do

30%

53%

9%

7%

1%


I feel involved in the decisions that affect my work

25%

41%

16%

15%

4%


I am often tired out at the end of a working day or shift.

17%

50%

18%

12%

3%


I achieve a good balance between my work life and my private life.

15%

46%

19%

16%

4%


I feel that my pay adequately reflects my performance and responsibilities.

12%

43%

20%

20%

6%


I am often stressed because of work.

9%

29%

28%

28%

6%


I have an acceptable workload.

9%

45%

21%

19%

5%


I do my job mainly because I need the money it provides.

5%

18%

21%

30%

26%


I want to leave this job as soon as possible

4%

7%

15%

32%

42%


I often get bored and fed up with my work.

2%

8%

15%

41%

34%


I feel harassed or bullied by management.

2%

8%

15%

29%

47%


answered question

1290

skipped question

92







21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Thinking about what is desirable in a job or work situation, how important would the following factors be to you?

Answer Options

Very important

Of some importance

Not very important

Not at all important

Response Count

Knowing God has answered your prayers for guidance or opened doors to get you the job

67%

29%

3%

1%


Good attitudes and practices of management

67%

32%

1%

0%


Your sense of vocation or calling to this type of work

62%

31%

6%

1%


The fit with your qualifications, skills, interests and experience

60%

35%

4%

0%


An opportunity to serve and help other people

58%

36%

5%

1%


The employer's ethical practices.

56%

40%

4%

0%


People I enjoy working with

55%

43%

2%

0%


Convenient times that fit with my domestic life

40%

50%

9%

1%


The number of hours I am expected to work

39%

53%

8%

1%


A pleasant working environment

37%

58%

5%

0%


Opportunities to share the gospel or influence people for Christ.

36%

45%

17%

2%


Convenient location of the workplace

30%

60%

8%

1%


A good rate of pay

21%

69%

9%

1%


Pension provisions and other benefits

20%

57%

18%

5%


A generous holiday entitlement

18%

63%

18%

1%


Prospects of promotion or career progression

12%

44%

37%

7%


The respect and status that comes with the job

11%

40%

41%

9%


Other (please specify)

40

answered question

1262

skipped question

120





The following table investigates views on work policies and practices and some aspects of economic policy. The majority see to adopt liberal rather than conservative attitudes here .



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Based on your own experience of the work place and/or that of colleagues, family or friends, to what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following?'

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

The gap between top earners and those on a more basic wage is too great

47%

38%

10%

4%

1%


People are being expected to work harder for less money these days

22%

54%

18%

6%

1%


Employers should be flexible to make work more family-friendly

16%

61%

19%

4%

0%


It is wrong for firms to expect young people to do unpaid internships as a way of getting started in their career

15%

33%

25%

24%

3%


Women often encounter obstacles that prevent them progressing to the top level of their career structure

11%

46%

27%

13%

2%


Most unemployed people would like to work, but the system, or their circumstances, doesn't make it easy or worthwhile

11%

57%

26%

5%

1%


Many very capable women are trapped in low pay, low status and insecure jobs

10%

42%

33%

14%

1%


There are huge numbers of skivers and scroungers who prefer to live on benefits than try to find a job

4%

17%

29%

35%

16%


Most employers try to treat their staff fairly

3%

56%

32%

8%

1%


Offering bonus payments or incentives is the best way to get hard work out of staff

1%

17%

34%

41%

8%


Most workers try to get away with doing as little hard work as possible

1%

8%

30%

51%

10%


Most businesses operate ethically

1%

17%

47%

32%

3%


answered question

1229

skipped question

153











21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

To what extent do you think there is discrimination in employment against each of the following groups of people?'

Answer Options

This often happens

This sometimes happens

This happens but infrequently

This never or almost never happens

Don't know

Response Count

Over-50s

30%

48%

11%

2%

10%


People with disabilities

20%

48%

17%

4%

12%


Ethnic minorities

12%

48%

21%

6%

14%


Women

10%

54%

22%

5%

10%


Under-25s

9%

42%

25%

8%

16%


Christians

6%

39%

33%

10%

12%


Muslims

4%

34%

29%

10%

23%


People from other non-Christian religions

2%

27%

31%

12%

28%


answered question

1222

skipped question

160



There is a widespread awareness that discrimination in employment is a relatively commonplace but that it is more likely to be on account of age disability, ethnicity or gender than on account of religion.

Only a minority felt they had direct personal experience of being discriminated against



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Have you personally ever been subject to discrimination at work?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes

11.5%

140

No

75.2%

918

Not sure

11.5%

141

Not applicable

1.8%

22

If Yes please give some details

132

answered question

1221

skipped question

161







The examples below give a range of personal experiences, a few of which are around issues of belief, religious identity or ethical conscience issues though race, gender and age also feature.







In the 1980s I was advised not to bother applying for work in the leading, London-based firms in my professional field due to my northern address and moderate northern accent. I do not think that such anti-northern discrimination now exists.


passed over on promotion because of being a Christian and for not getting drunk with the boss


my stance on abortion may have prevented obtaining certain jobs


My first employer in the City was very biased to those with a public school background

At an interview: 'Why at the age of 53 are you applying for this job?'


I was offered a job verbally but was then called back for another meeting with the director. Later discovered indirectly that the job offer had been withdrawn but no-one had told me. The suspicion was that this was because there was a strong Muslim presence on the board who did not want a Christian working for them.


Due to disability (a mental health problem)


Minor - I'm Asian and I'm asked some stupid questions sometimes.


I believe I was both bullied (unsuccessfully) and discriminated against because I was known to be a practising Christian.

I was told by a teacher that I should not have changed my surname to an African name when I married as this would mean I would get less job interviews


Companies are in business to make money, the more the better, and I have experienced discrimination because I used honest ethics.


Overlooked for someone younger although better qualified for the job


Prejudices from colleagues because of my nationality (not very frequent)


I'm a woman priest in the C of E so there is some discrimination built in to the organisation. However, I have very rarely experienced discrimination directed at me personally.


I was the only woman on a management team with responsibility for a budget of over a million pounds but was paid half that of the other members and new graduate consultants were going to be offered more than I earned except that I announced that I would take them to court.


Discrimination is too strong a word, but I was only paid for the hours I lectured with almost no preparation time, email time, consulting or marking taken into consideration. There may have been an assumption that I would still do the extra hours (true) and that I wouldn't complain as a Christian. But I did, and was eventually listened to somewhat.

in my second job in England i was racially abused


33 years ago I was interviewed & told I didn't get the job because I was about to get married!


Refusing to lie about something brought me into conflict with my boss leading in time to me getting demoted.


Refused an alternative, permanent job in the company I worked for on the grounds that as a Christian, I wouldn't fit in with the sales ethos, and that other members of the team would feel uncomfortable working with me as I would object to bad language etc (even though they were the very people who encouraged me to apply for the position)


Racial. Hate campaign by a group of subordinate colleagues of a different ethnicity.


Have been told to remove a cross from my bedroom window. Have been frowned upon for my faith by some social workers.


while working for the Civil Service, I was discriminated against because I refused to attend a stag night that ended in a strip club


Am very overqualified for my job yet cannot get promoted. Instead I see far less able men promoted. Women are mainly confined to the lower grade jobs.


When I was working as an occupational therapist and later as a therapy technician I was in a mainly female work force, sometimes collectively addressed as 'girls'. In team meetings when patients were discussed there was sometimes anti-men 'humour' ('Why is Mr Smith still in bed?' 'Because he's a man').


As a woman in early days of working for churches.


Being a Christian and also being white and dating a non-white person. I was given a very hard time about it by my bosses.


I have a disability. At the previous place of work to the one I talk about here, I was subject to regular verbal abuse about disability.


When i was looking for work it was clear that women were preferred for managerial roles in the public sector over men. Therefore i would not get jobs due to being male. I have never seen discrimination the other way round where by a woman gets discriminated against.











We also asked about problems encountered in the world of work. Interestingly among the suggested issues it was the performance management culture (of the public sector?) that was most commonly found problematic.


21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Still thinking about working life in general today, how significant are the following problems in the workplace?

Answer Options

Very significant

Significant

Not very significant

Not at all significant

Don't know

Response Count

Too much emphasis on performance management and the target culture

35%

50%

9%

2%

4%


Too much offensive language

16%

50%

22%

4%

7%


Christians getting into trouble at work if they say what they believe

13%

41%

31%

5%

9%


Lack of concern and kindness towards other people

12%

50%

24%

4%

9%


Bullying by management

12%

47%

26%

4%

11%


Dishonesty, theft and fraud

10%

41%

32%

5%

13%


Taking unwarranted sick leave

7%

38%

39%

4%

12%


A culture which condones racism

5%

17%

42%

18%

19%



Sexual harassment

5%

33%

38%

7%

17%


answered question

1215

skipped question

167



We also asked an open ended questions about jobs not acceptable to do as a Christian. The most widely rejected were in the sex and gambling industries.






In terms of employment and economic policy there was (a surprisingly) high level of support for workers rights, full employment, decent wages and working conditions.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2013 - Faith and the world of work

Thinking about government policy to what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following? The government should...

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

support international efforts to root out child labour and near slave labour in companies that export to the UK.

67%

29%

3%

1%

0%


ensure that no one is prevented from, or penalised for, expressing their religious convictions in the workplace.

54%

38%

7%

1%

0%


invest in projects to bring new manufacturing industry to the UK.

40%

52%

7%

1%

0%


do better to ensure there are enough decent jobs for everyone who wants to work.

31%

51%

15%

2%

0%


increase taxes on the wealthy and reduce them on the lower-paid.

23%

48%

21%

7%

1%


change the law to ensure everyone receives a living wage.

23%

52%

18%

6%

1%


do more to protect the rights and working conditions of employees.

22%

49%

26%

4%

0%


make sure that no one works more than 48 hours a week.

18%

35%

30%

15%

3%


reduce migration in order to safeguard jobs for British workers.

9%

28%

33%

23%

6%


change the law to reduce further the power of trade unions.

4%

12%

45%

31%

7%


make it easier and cheaper for employers to hire and fire staff.

4%

26%

35%

31%

4%


cut back on welfare benefits for the unemployed.

2%

14%

39%

35%

9%


answered question

1214







Needs

The attitude of Evangelical Christians to spending money on material things is well summed up in this comment from a respondent:



We buy what we can afford, on many purchase decisions we discuss the pro's and con's of its value. We have learned to trust God with our finances to some degree, so our faith influences our attitude towards money and materialism





21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Which of the following items do you consider to be a necessity for you and your household - something you would find it hard to live without?

Answer Options

Absolutely essential

Desirable but not essential

Not a priority

Cannot afford this so I do without

Response Count

A good healthy and varied diet

74%

23%

2%

0%


Keeping my home warm

66%

31%

2%

0%


A home that feels safe and comfortable

65%

33%

2%

0%


A car or other means of transport that gets me where I need to go.

63%

28%

5%

3%


A good holiday at least once every year

15%

54%

22%

9%


Being able to enjoy my leisure activities

15%

65%

18%

2%


Going out for a meal at least once a month

2%

35%

54%

9%


A smart home in a desirable neighbourhood

2%

37%

51%

10%


Fashionable clothes and personal grooming to make me look good

1%

27%

64%

8%


The latest hi-tech electronic gadgets

1%

20%

64%

15%


A car that looks good, performs well and is no more than a couple of years old

0%

14%

67%

18%


Any other things you consider absolutely essential

273

answered question

1127

skipped question

10



Listed under other essentials spiritual factors and church support was a popular choice, family and relationships were significant to many, and money to give to church and those in need also was frequently mentioned. Among material needs Computers, phones and broadband were mentioned by many followed by travel, and books. A significant number of people talked about the essential requirement for basic services such as clean water, shelter and electricity implicitly acknowledging that many people in other parts of the world have none of theses.

travelcard (season ticket) spectacles

Travel

my bike

Travel

denims, bike (or two! Actually I've got five.)

Travel

Money to travel and see friends;

Travel

fuel and servicing for car (volunteer driver)
18 days at New Wine (catering) each year

Travel

ability to travel and means to travel.

Travel

Living within commuting distance of a station

Travel

I need my car for my work in the community.

Travel

To be able to afford to fill my car with fuel!

Travel

A bike

Travel

access to transport and health facilites also library and community

Travel

The opportunity to travel - both in the UK and abroad

Travel

a church that reaches out and a group of believers that encourage me and others

Spiritual

Sunday at Church and Bible Study

Spiritual

Jesus is my friend

Spiritual

Being aware of how much God loves me

Spiritual

Things which money cannot buy - love of my family, space to be me, people I can trust and a host of many other things which may seem ordinary, but a given as gifts by God.

Spiritual

meet with other Christians for worship and fellowship

Spiritual

Friendhip, Family, Jesus!

Spiritual

Faith in Jesus and a close relationship with Him

Spiritual

Christian Books

Spiritual

Church conference / camp.

Spiritual

Reading the Bible, praying, church services and fellowship, keeping in touch with missionaries across the world

Spiritual

A good church within two miles

Spiritual

A local fellowship

Spiritual

Enough money to be able to socialise with friends/church people. We don't have enough money to do this and are aware of the loss. Could not afford to attend church meal or go on church weekend away.

Spiritual

Church family

Spiritual

Good local church.

Spiritual

faithfulness within a family
a Church community where we feel accepted

Spiritual

Christian literature; a number of different versions of the bible

Spiritual

Able to donate and financially support my church

Spiritual

Regular Christian fellowship

Spiritual

Time with God

Spiritual

Giving to the work of God

Spiritual

financially supporting missionary and church, presents for neices/nephews, hospitality to those the Lord asks me to invite into my home

Spiritual

A God fearing, Christ loving, Bible believing Church and Christian friendship group. Access to Christian Home Schooling for our children,. A society which fears God, knows the Risen Christ and has repented of its sins.

Spiritual

tithing to my church,

Spiritual

My bible

Spiritual

Giving money to charity

Spiritual

Depends on what is meant by "things". If merely material items, then answer is 'No'. However, the love of my wife and family; my freedom to read God's Word, and to minister; my relatinship with the Lord; are all in the "absolutely essential" category.

Spiritual

Giving one tenth to God's work and those in need through Christian organisations
Dentist/ optician and medicines

Spiritual

A good church

Spiritual

God!

Spiritual

Freedom to worship without persecution

Spiritual

being able to give prayerfully to people who need the blessing

Spiritual

A church where I can have fellowship with other Christians and that reaches out into the community

Spiritual

A Bible
Access to a garden and music

Spiritual

A good Chirch Fellowship
A good relationship with God

Spiritual

Access to a Christian Bookshop - ESSENTIAL

Spiritual

Spiritual life. Cultural life.

Spiritual

God!!

Spiritual

Freedom to go to church

Spiritual

The fellowship within the church

Spiritual

Christian fellowship

Spiritual

a church I like attending

Spiritual

A good church within a sensible distance of home, so as to keep travel costs reasonable.
A large circle of friends who understand where I'm coming from.

Spiritual

Going to a good church

Spiritual

Being part of a supportive church family. Good solid accepting freinds. These things I'd invest mony in.

Spiritual

good church - pastoral care, worship, teaching, family network

Spiritual

Serving and receiving at Church

Spiritual

Time to work and read
Good church life

Spiritual

Proximity to a loving caring evangelical church!

Spiritual

Being able to continue my normal Christian activities - attending church, giving to charity, being with my family, my free bus & train pass, keeping fit & active, etc

Spiritual

Because of work - mobile communications

I.T.

PC and mobile phone

I.T.

a computer

I.T.

computer and mobile phone

I.T.

Computer as myself and husband do some work from home in our jobs.

I.T.

Ability to contact my family by phone or email.

I.T.

Internet access.

I.T.

Internet access

I.T.

My laptop and mobile phone

I.T.

ACCESS TO THE INTERNET

I.T.

books and internet access

I.T.

Computer phone and internet access....

I.T.

Internet access.

I.T.

Telephone and computer linked to the internet

I.T.

Means of communication with friends and family

I.T.

mobile phone as I use it for my business

I.T.

IT/Broadband

I.T.

Computer and internet

I.T.

Good communication-it would now be hard to live without email &c.

I.T.

Internet connection

I.T.

Internet and computer!

I.T.

Internet access - primarily email, and telephone.

I.T.

A computer for Church business - communication and data management.

I.T.

Up-to-date computer for my work which I have to purchase myself.

I.T.

A working TV, laptop and phone - but doen't have to be the latest model or hi-tech.
a dishwasher

I.T.

Internet access, books, time alone with my wife, and time for reflection and prayer.

I.T.

Telephone and internet although doesn't need to be the highest spec.

I.T.

A computer and the Internet.
Non-NHS Health items, such as glasses, dentistry, over the counter medication, etc.

I.T.

Living in a rural area,saving petrol,internet connection has important for maintaining social contact

I.T.

computer and internet access, mobile phone

I.T.

Access to phone and internet in order to do work. Radio is nice too.

I.T.

laptop & internet access

I.T.

Internet link

I.T.

good internet connection

I.T.

Home insurance; Broadband Internet access; smart phone

I.T.

COMPUTER, SADLY

I.T.

Internet connection is constantly used in this house. The speed we have is 30 Mbps, soon to be upgraded. However a lower speed, whilst annoying, would be the minimum due to work/leisure/church requirements.

I.T.

Internet/phone access

I.T.

TV, Laptop computer, phone

I.T.

a hospitable and welcoming home.
a guitar
internet access

I.T.

internet connection,
being able to tithe

I.T.

Computer materials needed for my work; petrol required to transport me and kids to Uni; materials required for work and training

I.T.

Internet access, some form of phone - mobile or land line, access to world news by TV, newspaper or other means, books including Christian books by some means - buy if possible or library access

I.T.

phone and broadband

I.T.

A basic mobile 'phone to keep in contact with my far flung friends and family and to enable me to respond quickly to any urgent "work" requests.

I.T.

Good health

Health

medications and health requirements

Health

Health & strength

Health

Good health

Health

prescription medicines

Health

GOOD HEALTH

Health

Health

Health

A christian Marridge, Hospitality, reasonably good heath care.

Health

health care eg dental care

Health

Disability aids to remain independent

Health

My leisure activities centre mainly around my church and home. At my age it is also essential to keep fit by taking regular exercise.

Health

Good medical care; contact with family; budget for charity and church. Social life.

Health

Healthcare

Health

Local access to good quality healthcare - NHS preferred but I pay for dentist, optician.

Health

Wine and Whisky (In moderation of course)

Health

Good health

Health

Regular exercise

Health

Exercise; Creativity

Health

medicines, toiletries & sanitary products, specialist dietary products (I am lactose intolerant).

Health

Regular physical exercise classes are essential to keep me fitter and mobile etc

Health

Good health and health care, family, friends, Church, tv/radio, all these and the above, as well as Jesus, help me with my stress levels. Nothing on here has to be expensive!

Health

Medication (prescribed by my Doctor)

Health

the ability to keep fit and exercise regularly. (Our bodies are the temple of the holy spirit!)

Health

a garden & ready access to countryside

Green

Access to local green space

Green

Countryside nearby.

Green

The ability to help others in a practical way

Giving

Money to give to good causes
Money to fund myhobbies

Giving

Giving to my local Church

Giving

payment to charity.
helping my friends with their bills

Giving

Giving: essential.

Giving

ability to give to others

Giving

Giving

Giving

Giving money to others.

Giving

tithing

Giving

Being able to give. Having some savings.

Giving

buying fairtrade / ethically sourced goods

Tithing / giving money to charity

Giving

tithing

Giving

giving money away to church and overseas

Giving

giving

Giving

Funding The Child we support via Compassion uk
Supporting our Children at University

Giving

Tithing

Giving

Sufficient income to give to those I see in need,

Giving

at least 10% giving (across the board, not necessarily just my church)
NB: holiday is New Wine, car is Motability, 'leisure activities' is TV and internet

Giving

Giving from the Lord's provision for us

Giving

friends

Family

Being able to accommodate my family when they visit.

Family

my children to be emplyed

Family

School uniforms & money for school activities so children don't miss out.

Family

Quality relationships

Family

Being able to provide for childrens education

Family

A garden, with a lawn big enough fro grandchildren to play on when they come to visit us.

Family

Uni fees for kids to give them a start in life. Saving for a pension.

Family

Comfort of my children

Family

Getting my daughter through university

Family

Things for the children eg sports lessons, books, holidays as a family, even if cheap ones

Family

If possible, good family & community support structures

Family

Good friends

Family

having the money to keep our pet dog

Family

Financial giving is essential. I prioritise the needs of my children.

Family

With regard to 'Home' - a home where my grown up children can have space to stay when they visit / return

Family

Children's savings

Family

A loving wife and family

Family

Funding children's education!

Family

Going out as a family

Family

Children's essential items, e.g. correctly fitted shoes, school uniform etc.

Family

educational materials for my children

Family

Time with my family, a stable relationship, a local church

Family

children's education

Family

Being able to take care of the family or better still being there if they hit hard times.

Family

Paying for school trips and clubs for my daughter

Family

School fees for disabled child

Family

My dog

Family

Being able to clothe my child as he grows. This takes priority over clothing the adults.
Good internet access at home is vital for mine and my husband's working life.

Family

Time with family

Family

Feeling safe in my home. Love for my children and providing for their needs.

Family

education and health/sport facilities

Family

Relationships

Family

Bus pass, coffee with friends.

Family

Family; work

Family

protection for my children

Family

ability to spend quality time with friends and family

Family

Spending quality time with family which would entail transport costs

Family

Providing for my children

Family

Meeting the needs of my wider family (children and grandchildren and elderly father-in-law)

Family

Providing well for the children

Family

Providing for my children's needs at school and in social/sports clubs

Family

buying books

BOOKS

Books

BOOKS

Books!

BOOKS

Books

BOOKS

books

BOOKS

Books

BOOKS

Books, spending money necessary for socialising

BOOKS

Books; musical instruments

BOOKS

Quality of reading material

BOOKS

Books and Radio 4

BOOKS

BOOKS

BOOKS

Supply of clean water; hot water for washing.
Fridge and freezer, telephone, Internet access.

basics

access to clean water and schools

basics

Food, shelter, human relationships, some means of transport, e.g. car/bike, electricity/phone.

basics

Hot water and a shower

basics

money for the electric meter/cooker
water
somewhere for a guest to sleep even if it is just the living room floor

basics

Clean water
Sanitation
Reliable electricity supply

basics

A safe neighbourhood from violence, vandalism and excessive noise

basics

Food, Mortgage, Water, electric, council tax, tithe

basics

A local church community, household utilities Heat, light,water,

basics

A good kitchen and a comfortable bed!

basics

Sufficient income to pay the bills so as not to get into debt.

basics

Electric bills, council tax, water bills, telephone bills, tv license, money for toiletries and medicines, inluding prescriptions when neccesary.

basics

Enough money to pay for all the essentials, and have a bit left over

basics

A washing machine which works, regardless of age / status

basics

Fresh water, gas, electricity,

basics

the means to wash yourself and clothes

basics

Clothing appropriate to the seasons. particularly warm clothing for winter

basics

Having enough nutrition and clean water.

basics

Food, water, shelter, home, fellowship, Bible, books

basics

I consider only the basic requirements fror living to be essential - ie food, clothing protection

basics

Going to the theatre

arts

Radio 4, cheap pay as you go mobile phone

arts

TV

arts

Buying music CDs

arts

Obviously utilities. Also engagement with the arts: that means going out to the arts, not at home, whether theatre, concert (classical), art gallery or film.

arts

As a single person the resources to socialise e.g. going for a drink. I also freelance in the arts and spend a lot of time in meetings and networking in bars and cafes. This is essential.

arts

Any other things you consider absolutely essential


income


To be able to pay bills. Not have debt.


Being able to Tithe, being able to read the word. Getting to church


my friends


Food, friendship, enjoyable church worship


A basic mobile phone. If "other means of transport" includes a bike, then maybe essential....


Employment. Both for wellbeing and stimulation.


None


A guitar and computer


Proximity to town by walking. Broadband (but on an old computer). At least a small garden and the means to buy the occasional plants (as cheaply as possible from a nursery). Ability and finances to maintain our home myself (DIY) as much as possible. Cheap (or free) phone calls to family at some time in the week by whatever is the best deal.


family life, low carbon lifestyle, political and religious feedom


Buying things for the home, eg curtain fabric, cushions, kitchen wares; buying gifts and cards for family and friends' birthdays; mobile phone


adequate stable income


As an older person and retired missionary, keeping in touch with people by email and correspondence and visiting prayer partners


ability to make adequate pension provision


Being able to live in a way that matches my social and environmental priorities.


Access to friends and church, that would determine where I live more than the neighbourhood. A reliable car is essential for my work but it is 10 yrs old.and doesn't look to good!


having a job that pays a good fair wage.


My children would probably say Pay TV, music downloads and their mobile phones.
Being able to afford sporting activities for my children.
Being able to afford some sort of holiday / activity to do as a whole family.


A few years ago a 'badged' car was essential as an ego booster but thank God that is no longer the case!


Childcare


telephone, fridge, washing machine


A home that I am comfortable to entertain others in


Having access to news media, keeping in contact with friends


by good holiday I mean a good rest, not one that costs a lot or abroad. usually we visit family or camp.


washing machine


Food


paying my bills. at the moment, being unemployed, and having huge arreas from being unemployed, i cannot afford to do this


having a home where others feel welcomed.


We buy what we can afford, on many purchase decisions we discuss the pro's and con's of its value. We have learned to trust God with our finances to some degree, so our faith influences our attitude towards money and materialism


Telephone


living in a safe area with a good church family


Work in some form or another


Telephone,internet useful, being able to afford petrol in order to be able to visit my elderly mother


A good pair of trainers for running


Personal toiletries


telephone


meeting with friends, enjoying time together as a family & with others, being able to be part of a Christian community freely, doing things for others as a community


my dishwasher!!!


friends


Freedom to live without interference/control from the State or any other organisation/person




In the Good News for the Poor survey we asked a variant of the needs list question in an attempt to mirror the methodology of the Breadline Britain and JRF attempt to establish a poverty line for households in the UK.


Poverty survey November 2014

What are the living standards you feel all adults should have in the UK today? Which of the items listed below do you think are necessary?

Answer Options

Necessary for an adequate standard of living

Not necessary

Response Count

A safe, basically furnished home

99%

1%


Nutritious food most days (such as fresh fruit, vegetables, meat or fish)

99%

1%


Heating to keep home adequately warm

99%

1%


A warm waterproof coat

99%

1%


Washing machine

81%

19%


To be able to pay an unexpected expense of £500

67%

33%


A small amount of money to spend each week on yourself, not on your family

61%

39%


Car (or affordable use of a preferred means of transport)

56%

44%


Internet connection at home

50%

50%


Replace worn out clothes with new (not second-hand) ones

48%

52%


Mobile phone

46%

54%


Television

40%

60%


answered question

1581

skipped question

26









Poverty survey November 2014

Can you personally afford the items on the list above?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes, all of them

68.1%

1067

I could afford them all but I choose to go without some

19.6%

307

No, there are some I can't afford

12.3%

193

Please specify any which you go without

230

answered question

1567

skipped question

40





Giving to church and charity..



Christians and evangelicals in particular hold generous giving to church and charity as a normative practice. The tables below show the responses to the various questions we used in this area.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

What are your beliefs and attitudes about giving away some of your income?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

I believe in tithing so I give around 10% (or more) of my income to various causes which include my church, Christian organisations and other charities.

38%

26%

18%

13%

4%

100%

I believe in tithing so I try to give around 10% (or more) of my income to my church.

32%

19%

23%

23%

4%

100%

When I die everything I own will go to my spouse and/or family

18%

34%

20%

21%

8%

100%

There was a time in my life when I felt challenged and started to give away far more than I had done before then.

16%

42%

24%

15%

3%

100%

My money all belongs to God so I only keep what I need to live on.

6%

28%

45%

20%

2%

100%

I sometimes feel ashamed or guilty that I give so little away.

5%

31%

22%

32%

10%

100%

I don't think tithing as much as 10% of my income is necessary but I do give away substantial amounts to causes such as my church, Christian organisations and other charities.

4%

13%

18%

41%

23%

100%

I prefer to keep almost all my income to myself.

0%

2%

7%

30%

61%

100%



answered question

1103

skipped question

34









Poverty survey November 2014

Have you, in the last 12 months, personally done any of the following to respond to the issue of poverty? Please tick all that apply

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Given money to a charity tackling poverty overseas

73%

1060

Given food to a food bank

70%

1025

Given a donation to an international disaster appeal

67%

967

Given money directly to someone you know personally who is in financial need

56%

817

Given money to a charity tackling poverty in the UK

55%

806

Prayed regularly for or with people who are facing poverty overseas

45%

658

Sponsored a child or other person who is facing poverty overseas

44%

639

Prayed regularly for or with people who are facing poverty in the UK

42%

608

Volunteered some time to a church project or Christian charity which aims to tackle poverty

37%

544

Contacted a politician or campaigned about an aspect of poverty in the UK

34%

488

Given money to someone begging on the streets

31%

448

Bought food or drink for someone begging on the streets

30%

442

Contacted a politician or campaigned on international poverty issues

30%

432

Given long-term support to, or befriended someone, who is facing poverty

27%

392

Shared a meal in your home with someone who was hungry, destitute or homeless

10%

151

Fulfilled a calling to live or serve in a community facing poverty

10%

145

Been employed by or on the management group of an anti-poverty organisation or project

9%

131

Volunteered some time to a secular community project or charity which aims to tackle poverty

9%

128

Other (please specify)

7%

95

Given money to help an individual through an online scheme such as Acts435

5%

71

None of the above

2%

22

answered question

1455

skipped question

152

















21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

What are your practices in terms of giving ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

When I give money to my church or charities I try to make sure it is Gift Aided so they can reclaim the tax.

70%

18%

7%

4%

1%


I prefer to set up automatic methods of giving (such as direct debits or standing orders) to ensure I give regularly to charity(ies)/church.

50%

30%

9%

8%

2%


I give a lot of items I no longer need to charity shops.

29%

50%

13%

7%

1%


I intend in my will to make a substantial legacy to my church or to a Christian charity.

14%

20%

40%

20%

5%


Most of my giving is now done online.

10%

20%

20%

35%

15%


Most of my giving is in cash.

5%

13%

12%

42%

28%


I give substantial amounts to individuals in need whom I know personally.

4%

27%

28%

33%

8%


I have so little money I can't afford to give very much away.

3%

8%

10%

38%

41%


Most of my giving is quite spontaneous when I see a need.

3%

14%

25%

47%

11%


I give away so much of my money that I sometimes go without things that I need.

1%

8%

19%

54%

17%


I often give money to beggars in the street.

1%

12%

22%

43%

23%


answered question

1108

skipped question

29





Poverty survey November 2014

Have you personally experienced any of the following in the last 12 months? Please tick all that apply

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

None of the above

7%

94

Had to reduce your giving to church and charity because your own disposable income has gone down significantly

17%

240

Caught yourself treating people differently because of their social status/income level

19%

269

Experienced miraculous provision when you were in financial problems

27%

392

Felt God convicting you that you need to give more time/money to the poor rather than spending it on yourself

35%

501

Known that you were giving really sacrificially of your time or money in obedience to God

36%

510

Felt guilty that you did not give money or time to someone in need when you were able to

39%

555

Continued to give to your church or charities the amount you had tithed, promised or committed despite facing financial difficulties

45%

641

Responded when you felt that God was prompting you to offer help, money or time to a particular person or situation to do with poverty

64%

921

Please give some details

90

answered question

1436

skipped question

171



21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Which charitable causes are closest to your heart? Please tick up to three

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Christian

85.0%

1231

Overseas

47.0%

681

Children

32.9%

476

Poverty (UK)

29.7%

431

Homelessness

20.0%

290

Health/hospitals/hospices

14.3%

207

Medical research

12.5%

181

Other (please specify)

11.5%

167

Environment

11.0%

160

Disabled

8.4%

121

Elderly

5.9%

85

Animals

5.7%

83

Arts

1.3%

19

answered question

1449

skipped question

97









21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Which of the following means do you use most often when supporting a charity? Please tick up to four

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Regular donations (by standing order or direct debit)

77.8%

1128

Praying

60.4%

875

Donations of goods to charity shops

49.4%

716

One-off cheque or online donations

49.0%

710

Volunteering your time

32.7%

474

Buying charity products/goods from charity shop

30.2%

438

Sponsoring people

30.0%

434

Cash donations

24.0%

348

Organising fundraising events

7.2%

105

Donations by text

6.4%

93

Taking part in sponsored events

6.1%

88

Charitable bequest in legacy

4.7%

68

None of the above

0.2%

3

Other (please specify)

4.8%

70

answered question

1449

skipped question

97









Poverty and wealth, economic and welfare policy..

In several of our surveys we asked the panel about their Christian attitudes and responses to poverty. The majority showed compassionate concern, though they were some way from a full blown "option for the poor" and reluctant to critique wealth in itself. While the majority did not accept a prosperity gospel 21% did agree or strongly agree that If a Christian is faithful and/or gives generously to God's work they will prosper economically.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statements

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

It is every Christian's duty to help those in poverty.

46%

46%

7%

1%

0%

100%

It is every Christian's duty to speak out for those in poverty.

42%

46%

9%

2%

0%

100%

Even if I lost all my savings and income I can trust that God would supply everything I need.

40%

49%

9%

1%

0%

100%

Christians should avoid all forms of gambling.

37%

39%

17%

6%

2%

100%

Christians should make sensible financial investments to provide for their families and their own old age.

28%

61%

10%

1%

0%

100%

I think it is important to take out insurance to cover the risk of loss of the things I own.

18%

59%

16%

6%

1%

100%

I believe that when Jesus said "blessed are the poor" he meant it literally - not just spiritually.

18%

32%

28%

18%

4%

100%

Speculation and taking risks on the financial markets is morally wrong.

9%

21%

44%

22%

4%

100%

Wealth is usually a real barrier to someone who seeks to follow Christ.

6%

30%

40%

19%

4%

100%

If a Christian is faithful and/or gives generously to God's work they will prosper economically.

4%

17%

38%

28%

12%

100%

answered question

1079

skipped question

58






Views on welfare policy were divided with a small majority favouring a more generous approach from the state.


Poverty survey November 2014

Which of these statements comes closest to your view?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

The welfare budget is too high and should be reduced

22.4%

331

The welfare budget is about right

33.6%

496

The welfare budget is too low and should be increased

27.7%

409

Don't know

16.3%

240

answered question

1476

skipped question

131





Poverty survey November 2014

Which of these statements comes closer to your view?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Britain's current welfare system has created a culture of dependency, whereby many people, and often whole families, get used to living off state benefits; the system needs to be radically changed to get such people to take more responsibility for their lives and their families

38.4%

566

Most people who rely on welfare benefits are victims of circumstances beyond their control. The benefits they receive are far from generous, and are the least a civilised society should provide in order to help them and their families avoid abject poverty

53.0%

780

Don't know

8.6%

127

answered question

1473

skipped question

134













In terms of tackling UK poverty the emphasis of evangelicals was on education, enterprise, employment and stable families. There was widespread endorsement of church social action,some ambivalence over political action and a rejection of the neo-liberal approach of cutting welfare benefits to incentivise people to work.




Do you think the following are good ways to tackle poverty in the UK? Please tick one per row

Answer Options

One of the best ways

A good way

Not sure

Not a good way

Response Count

Getting a good education

52%

44%

4%

1%


Developing strong businesses which offer employment

47%

49%

4%

0%


Debt advice and money management courses

46%

52%

2%

0%


Preventing family breakup

45%

45%

9%

1%


Training programmes that help people get decent jobs

44%

51%

4%

0%


The Church getting involved in social action

37%

55%

6%

2%


Sustained economic growth

36%

47%

15%

3%


Tackling addictions

29%

60%

10%

1%


Credit unions and other micro-finance schemes

26%

53%

16%

5%


Government policies to redistribute wealth

25%

36%

25%

14%


Removing the barriers to equal opportunities

21%

54%

21%

4%


A fairer and more generous benefits system

14%

36%

33%

16%


Organising poor communities to struggle for justice

12%

40%

37%

11%


Providing food, furniture and clothing through food banks and similar charities

11%

60%

19%

10%


Individuals working harder

10%

39%

38%

13%


Cutting welfare benefits as an incentive to get people into work

4%

17%

33%

46%


Other suggestions of ways to tackle poverty in the UK

216

answered question

1479

skipped question

128






















In theological terms the panel appeared to hold social justice and personal responsibility in dynamic tension .




Poverty survey November 2014

From your reading of the Bible how far do you agree... ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

We should work for justice for the poor

60%

36%

3%

0%

0%


God is on the side of the poor and the oppressed

57%

31%

10%

2%

0%


Everyone has a duty to work to support themselves and their family if they can

50%

46%

3%

0%

0%


God expects a more equal distribution of the world's resources

48%

37%

12%

3%

1%


We will be judged harshly if we neglect to care for the poor

41%

44%

11%

3%

1%


Spiritual poverty is a bigger problem than material poverty

37%

34%

21%

7%

1%


We should follow the example of Jesus and make most of our friendships among people who are poor and marginalised

30%

35%

27%

8%

1%


Our financial responsibility towards others is first to our family, then to fellow Christians in need and only then to poor people in the world

6%

25%

23%

34%

12%


We should do as Jesus said to the rich young ruler – sell all our possessions and give to the poor

3%

12%

43%

35%

8%


If we are faithful to God we will prosper materially

2%

9%

30%

34%

25%


The poor will always be with us, so there is not much hope of making an impact on poverty

2%

6%

11%

46%

34%


Other things you think the Bible tells us about poverty

222

answered question

1467

skipped question

140





The table below suggests a political positioning which is broadly Centre – Left, yet with a majority acceptance of the "welfare dependency" narrative.



21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

Please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statements

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

There is an unacceptable level of income inequality in the UK.

39%

43%

13%

4%

1%


Some 'top' people are paid far too much.

66%

26%

5%

3%

0%


The government should not cut benefit levels to people living below the poverty line.

35%

43%

15%

6%

1%


The government should make sure that the richest people in the country pay high levels of tax.

35%

42%

17%

6%

1%


Too many people have become dependent on state benefits and could do more to help themselves.

21%

48%

20%

9%

1%


Cuts in public services at the present rate are causing too much hardship.

20%

34%

29%

14%

3%


People I know have lost their jobs as a result of the recent recessions and public sector cuts.

30%

45%

12%

11%

1%


No-one in the UK is really poor these days.

3%

13%

14%

45%

25%


answered question

1077

skipped question

60





If a Christian is faithful and/or gives generously to God's work they will prosper economically.q

Poverty survey November 2014

How far do you agree with the following statements?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

God has provided enough resources on the earth for every person's need, but human greed makes some people poor

51%

42%

5%

2%

0%

100%

Growing inequality is a major problem in the UK

27%

49%

18%

6%

1%

100%

Compared with some overseas countries the UK is spiritually destitute

25%

52%

17%

6%

1%

100%

Local churches should organise themselves to share their God-given wealth so that none of their members experience serious poverty

18%

58%

20%

4%

0%

100%

In the UK our society and culture make poor people feel ashamed and worthless

15%

55%

21%

8%

1%

100%

Churches in the UK are not very good at evangelising and discipling the poorest sections of society

15%

51%

23%

9%

1%

100%

My church is already doing lots of good and effective work to tackle poverty in its local community

9%

37%

32%

20%

3%

100%

We should assign as much (or more) of our monetary giving to help the poor as we do to the general work of our church

8%

32%

43%

16%

1%

100%

Compared with some overseas countries there is no significant poverty in the UK

7%

32%

19%

34%

7%

100%

The UK welfare state is a good model for less developed countries in that it provides an adequate safety net so that no one need face extreme poverty

7%

50%

27%

14%

3%

100%

It is more important for churches to share the gospel with poor people they encounter than to meet their material needs

4%

10%

32%

46%

9%

100%

Over the last few years my concern and giving of money and time has become more directed towards poverty in the UK rather than overseas

3%

18%

31%

43%

5%

100%

The international community is making good progress in programmes to tackle global poverty

1%

14%

43%

35%

7%

100%

answered question

1443

skipped question

164





Poverty survey November 2014

How far do you agree that (in the UK)...?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

Government should act to ensure large companies cannot avoid paying their taxes

72%

25%

2%

0%

0%

100%

The government should take stronger action to limit high interest rates on products such as pay day loans

63%

32%

3%

1%

0%

100%

Current government economic policy is hurting the poor more than the rich

34%

44%

16%

5%

1%

100%

Poorer people often find they have to pay more than average for items such as fuel, food, domestic appliances and insurance

26%

46%

19%

9%

1%

100%

Welfare reform policies are having a negative impact on people who are disabled or sick

23%

43%

26%

6%

1%

100%

Economic policy is failing to raise most people's income to meet the increased cost of living

18%

51%

22%

8%

0%

100%

The government is right to withdraw benefit payments if people cannot prove that they are willing to work

10%

46%

26%

14%

4%

100%

Government is right to ask charities, communities and churches to deliver a greater proportion of welfare provision and support to people in need

4%

31%

31%

29%

5%

100%

The "bedroom tax" or "removal of the spare room subsidy" is a reasonable policy to address housing issues

4%

17%

21%

34%

24%

100%

UK governments have a good record on policies to tackle global poverty

3%

32%

38%

21%

6%

100%

Welfare reform policies are being successful in encouraging more people to take responsibility and get into jobs

2%

24%

42%

25%

7%

100%

Current government economic policy is working well to produce a more prosperous future for all

1%

14%

36%

33%

16%

100%

The government understands the needs of people who are carers for their family members and offers adequate help

1%

8%

29%

46%

16%

100%





Perceived Causes of Poverty:

When asked about causes of poverty locally and overseas there is a huge contrast, indeed a mirror image, between the understanding of structural and systemic poverty in the Global South and an acceptance of the narrative of personal irresponsibility for people facing poverty in the UK.

What do you think are the top five causes of poverty in your neighbourhood, in the UK and in less developed countries? Please tick up to five in each column

Answer Options

In my neighbourhood

In the UK as a whole

In less developed countries

Response Count

Corruption

4%

12%

97%


Unfair trade structures or practices

6%

13%

96%


Racism, sexism or other forms of discrimination

11%

30%

84%


Educational inequality

21%

33%

84%


Inequality or social injustice

20%

37%

90%


Lack of economic growth

28%

37%

70%


Inadequate government or community provision for the vulnerable

33%

45%

76%


Low pay

53%

59%

69%


Caring responsibilities or personal disability or poor health

57%

62%

37%


Lack of employment

54%

64%

52%


Excessive interest rates on loans

41%

67%

33%


High cost of living

70%

68%

12%


Laziness

49%

75%

11%


Addictions

61%

76%

14%


Poor management of household budgets

74%

77%

5%


Family breakdown

76%

80%

7%


Personal debt

71%

82%

7%


Welfare dependency

55%

84%

3%


answered question

1485

skipped question

122



Consumer patterns



In several of our surveys we asked about patterns of consumption and one of them specifically concentrated on ethical consumerism. We will not offer commentary on the following set of tables other than to suggest that the overall pattern suggests that most evangelicals follow the usual British norms for affluent middle class people as consumers, though their spending is tempered by a modest and sober rejection of ostentation and a growing commitment to fair trade principles and social and environmental responsibility.

21st Century Evangelicals May 2012 - Money Matters

When buying food, goods or services how often do you

Answer Options

Whenever it is possible

Often

Sometimes

Never

Response Count

Try to find the best bargain

43%

44%

12%

0%


Choose to buy something for ethical reasons such as fair trade or the practices of a company

27%

33%

37%

2%


Purchase online because it is cheaper

16%

37%

41%

6%


Choose to buy something for environmental reasons such as food miles or carbon footprint

15%

20%

50%

15%


Purchase online because you don't have to go out to the shops to find exactly what you want

14%

39%

41%

6%


Choose to deal with a firm because you know it is run by Christians

11%

19%

58%

11%


Use charity shops because they are cheaper

11%

17%

49%

24%


Use charity shops because you like to support a good cause

9%

21%

55%

15%


answered question

1121

skipped question

16



Housing

21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Which of the following phrases describe your home? Please tick all that apply

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Owned outright

49.4%

717

Buying it with a mortgage or loan

29.3%

425

Rented from a private landlord

9.0%

130

Rented from a Council or Housing Association

2.6%

37

Rent-free accommodation

6.5%

94



A detached house

30.7%

445

A semi-detached house

26.4%

383

A terraced house

13.0%

189

A flat or maisonette

7.3%

106



Three bedrooms

29.4%

427

Four bedrooms

27.5%

399

Two bedrooms

10.4%

151

More than four bedrooms

10.0%

145

Single bedroom

3.0%

44

One room or a bedsit

0.6%

9

Other (please specify)

82

answered question

1450

skipped question

96





Poverty survey November 2014

Which of the following best describes the place where you live?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Economically average or mixed small town

16.0%

255

Economically average or mixed suburban neighbourhood

15.9%

254

Economically average or mixed urban neighbourhood

12.6%

201

Affluent suburban neighbourhood

11.2%

178

Economically average or mixed rural area or village

10.6%

169

Affluent small town

8.6%

137

Affluent rural area or village

6.0%

95

Deprived urban neighbourhood

5.8%

93

Affluent urban neighbourhood

4.0%

64

Deprived small town

3.9%

62

Deprived suburban neighbourhood

2.4%

38

Deprived rural area or village

1.2%

19

Other (please specify)

1.9%

30

answered question

1595

skipped question

12





Transport

Ethical Consumerism November 2015

For everyday transport do you drive (or have access to) your own vehicle?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes - own car nearly always available to drive

71.6%

986

Yes - there is a car available to the household or family

19.3%

266

No

9.1%

125

answered question

1377

skipped question

92



21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

How many cars are available to your household?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

None

6.4%

93

1

48.1%

701

2

38.5%

560

3 or more

7.0%

102

answered question

1456

skipped question

90





21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Thinking now about the best vehicle in your household, is it...? Please tick all of the following descriptions which apply

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

A standard family car

59.6%

806

Bought second hand

56.9%

770

A small car such as a mini

23.1%

312

One you bought new

22.3%

302

A large 4x4 or people carrier

11.8%

159

Worn out and about to die

9.9%

134

A high performance or luxury car

4.6%

62

A lease car

3.5%

47

A company car

3.3%

45

Other (please specify)

87

answered question

1353

skipped question

193



21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Do you frequently use any of the following means of transport?

Answer Options

Yes, by preference over alternatives

Yes, but only by necessity

Very rarely or never

Response Count

Walking

59%

32%

9%


Drive a car

56%

35%

9%


Local bus

24%

32%

44%


Intercity rail

22%

25%

53%


Local or commuter rail services

21%

28%

52%


International flights

19%

33%

48%


Cycling

19%

9%

72%


Tube (London Underground)

15%

24%

61%


Flights within the UK

5%

13%

82%


Tram or Metro

5%

9%

86%


Long distance coach

5%

11%

84%


answered question

1461

skipped question

85



Ethical Consumerism November 2015

For transport to work do you usually commute using public transport?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Yes

12.3%

168

No - even though there is a viable public transport service available

6.6%

90

No - I drive because there is no viable alternative

27.7%

379

No - I cycle or walk to work

11.2%

153

I don't need to travel to work at all

42.3%

579

answered question

1369

skipped question

100



Ethical Consumerism November 2015

Over the past 12 months have you ever chosen modes of transport specifically because they are environmentally-friendly, even if less convenient or more expensive?

Answer Options

often

sometimes

never in last 12 months

Response Count

avoided air travel

11%

16%

73%

100%

car-shared

12%

38%

50%

100%

cycled

15%

17%

68%

100%

avoided using your car

21%

52%

26%

100%

caught a bus

23%

42%

34%

100%

used the train

24%

45%

31%

100%

walked

47%

39%

14%

100%

Other (please specify)

88

answered question

1368

skipped question

101

Sunday Trading



Ethical Consumerism November 2015

How far do you agree... ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

All workers should have the right to take some time off if they wish to worship on Sundays (or other day of religious observance) at least every fortnight.

66%

26%

5%

2%

1%

100%

No one should be required to work regularly on Sundays unless they freely choose to do so, or are employed in vital services such as policing or health

58%

32%

6%

3%

1%

100%

Workers would face unacceptable pressure to work longer if there were longer shopping hours on Sunday

47%

36%

10%

5%

1%

100%

Everyone in society would benefit if Sunday was a special quiet day without much work or shopping

44%

39%

12%

4%

1%

100%

I can't see how longer shopping hours on Sunday would help the economy

42%

33%

14%

9%

3%

100%

I personally try to avoid shopping on Sunday

39%

38%

13%

8%

2%

100%

I would like to see much tighter restrictions on Sunday trading

26%

32%

26%

12%

4%

100%

Christians should avoid doing their shopping on Sundays

23%

36%

30%

8%

3%

100%

It is a good idea to allow councils rather than national government to decide on Sunday trading restrictions for their local area

5%

19%

34%

25%

17%

100%

I think it is a good idea to allow large shops to open for longer hours on Sundays

2%

3%

15%

37%

42%

100%

There should be no special restrictions on Sunday trading

2%

4%

12%

35%

46%

100%

answered question

1370

skipped question

99















Shopping

21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Which of the following food retailers do you use for your purchase of food and household items? Please tick up to three that you use most often.

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Tesco

55.3%

805

Sainsbury's

48.5%

707

Co-operative

28.6%

417

Morrisons

27.7%

404

Aldi

24.0%

350

Asda

23.5%

342

Lidl

22.7%

331

Waitrose

19.3%

281

Marks & Spencer

16.5%

241

Your local corner shop

14.8%

215

Small independent or specialist shops

14.6%

213

Iceland

7.8%

114

Market stalls

7.7%

112

Spar

2.4%

35

Farm Foods

2.3%

33

Booths

1.6%

23

Budgens

1.3%

19

Londis

0.4%

6

Other (please specify)

3.9%

57

answered question

1457

skipped question

89



Ethical Consumerism November 2015

Do you buy any of the following fairtrade (certified) products?

Answer Options

by preference when available

often

sometimes

never buy the fair trade version

would never want or use this

Response Count

bananas

52%

17%

21%

7%

3%

100%

coffee

51%

12%

23%

10%

4%

100%

tea

43%

13%

26%

14%

4%

100%

chocolate

32%

18%

38%

9%

3%

100%

dolphin-friendly tuna

30%

14%

23%

17%

16%

100%

certified sustainable timber or rainforest products

20%

16%

39%

14%

11%

100%

other foodstuffs

19%

17%

54%

9%

1%

100%

craft products

9%

13%

54%

13%

11%

100%

clothing

8%

7%

57%

27%

2%

100%

wine

6%

8%

33%

29%

24%

100%

answered question

1398

skipped question

71

Leisure



21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Which of the following leisure pursuits and activities do you take part in when you have free time? Please tick up to six that you most often enjoy

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Reading

65.7%

958

Walking/rambling

44.3%

646

Eating out

43.3%

631

Listening to music

39.6%

577

Films

35.8%

522

Gardening

31.6%

461

Historic houses and sites

29.4%

428

Cooking

27.2%

396

Art galleries and museums

26.4%

385

Online social media

24.1%

352

Theatre/drama

22.4%

326

Creative arts and crafts

18.0%

262

Watching sport

17.6%

256

Wildlife/nature reserves

15.1%

220

Pets or animals

14.7%

215

Exercise classes or gym

14.5%

211

Photography

14.4%

210

Swimming

14.4%

210

Computer games

14.3%

209

Music (performing)

13.6%

199

Cycling

13.2%

193

DIY

11.2%

164

Shopping

11.2%

164

Visits to child-friendly attractions

9.1%

132

Playing sport

8.0%

117

Family history research

7.6%

111

Railways

5.4%

79

Pubs and clubs

4.6%

67

Boating

2.9%

43

Motor vehicles

2.6%

38

Fishing

1.6%

23

I rarely get enough free time for this sort of thing

7.7%

112

Other (please specify)

9.7%

141

answered question

1458

skipped question

88









Holidays

21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

How much time in total did you take in 2014 for holidays or short breaks away from home?

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

I was away on holiday for a total of between one and three weeks

42.9%

625

I was away on holiday for a total of three weeks or more

38.8%

566

I was away on holiday for one week or less

11.3%

165

I didn't go away on holiday at all

6.9%

101

answered question

1457

skipped question

89





21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Have you in the last 10 years taken the following types of holiday?

Answer Options

Several times

Once or twice

Not at all

Response Count

Rented self-catering accommodation

43%

33%

24%


Staying in the home of friends or family members

43%

31%

26%


Staycation – just taking some day trips from home

30%

37%

33%


In a UK seaside resort

32%

35%

33%


Short city break

20%

44%

35%


Christian festival-type event (eg Spring Harvest, Soul Survivor)

38%

26%

36%


In a national park or remote area in the UK

27%

35%

38%


Camping or caravaning

27%

18%

54%


Package holiday to a European/Mediterranean resort

12%

25%

62%


Long-haul intercontinental flight to a tourist hotspot

9%

25%

67%


Christian holiday centre or hotel

8%

24%

67%


Touring holiday (by coach, car, bike etc)

8%

20%

72%


Cruise

5%

12%

84%


Secular festival-type event (eg Glastonbury)

1%

4%

95%


Other (please specify)

120

answered question

1450

skipped question

96





Ethical Consumerism


Ethical Consumerism November 2015

How recently have you personally done any of the following?

Answer Options

within the last month

within the last year

at least once in my life

never

Response Count

chosen to buy a product or service specifically because you know it was produced fairly and ethically

37%

38%

20%

5%

100%

boycotted a particular company because of their practices

18%

28%

42%

12%

100%

chosen to do business with a co-operative or a mutual rather than a private company

12%

23%

33%

32%

100%

boycotted a product or service because you were offended by the way it was advertised

10%

29%

41%

20%

100%

bought a product simply on its low price even though you suspected it was produced or sold in an unethical way

9%

28%

43%

20%

100%

chosen to have work done in your home by a Christian tradesperson or business in preference to others

8%

26%

41%

26%

100%

invested money in your home to make it more fuel efficient / reduce carbon emissions (e.g. insulation, solar panels, more efficient heating system)

8%

31%

47%

14%

100%

taken part in a trade boycott of products from a country with an oppressive regime

5%

13%

43%

39%

100%

chosen to move money to a more ethical form of investment

5%

17%

37%

42%

100%

paid a self-employed trades-person in cash because it was cheaper, though you suspected that this allowed them to avoid paying tax

2%

11%

49%

39%

100%

Please feel free to give some details

135

answered question

1386

skipped question

83







Ethical Consumerism November 2015

How far do you agree... ?

Answer Options


Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

Christians should always pay all the taxes that are due.


71%

27%

2%

0%

0%

100%

Human beings have a God-given responsibility to take better care of creation and the environment.


61%

35%

3%

1%

0%

100%

The Bible teaches us to be content with what we have and not to desire more material possessions.


51%

41%

7%

1%

0%

100%

The Bible teaches us to pray and struggle for economic and social justice.


48%

43%

7%

2%

0%

100%

Christians have an important role to play in developing and running ethical business enterprises.


39%

52%

8%

1%

0%

100%

Christians should be campaigning more strongly on issues of political corruption and oppression.


37%

48%

13%

1%

0%

100%

Greed for material possessions is one of the greatest sins of our time.


37%

44%

14%

4%

1%

100%

Christians should be campaigning more strongly on issues of international economic justice.


33%

49%

15%

2%

1%

100%

As Christians we should seek to spend our money in ways which bring maximum benefit to people in need.


28%

56%

14%

1%

1%

100%

Living as a Christian in our consumer culture presents complex ethical choices - we will never get it completely right.


27%

60%

9%

3%

0%

100%

Christians should be campaigning more strongly on issues of environmental concern.


26%

44%

24%

4%

2%

100%

There is nothing wrong with enjoying material things God has provided for us.


23%

61%

12%

3%

1%

100%

"Christian" industries such as music and publishing don't seem much different to the secular world in the way they market their wares.


9%

37%

41%

11%

1%

100%

It is hard to see how my small contribution in living more simply could make a significant difference to the global environment.


4%

21%

18%

44%

13%

100%

I often find I am praying about whether it is right to buy particular things.


4%

21%

38%

31%

7%

100%

I get tired of hearing Christians go on about all the so-called injustices in this world - it's nothing more than political correctness.


2%

3%

17%

37%

40%

100%

answered question

1356

skipped question

113





Mass Media



21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Which of the following popular TV programmes do you like to watch? Please tick up to six of your favourtites

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

Call The Midwife

39.0%

559

Downton Abbey

36.6%

524

Have I Got News for You?

35.7%

511

Sherlock

35.0%

501

The Great British Bake Off

28.5%

409

Country File

28.2%

404

Strictly Come Dancing

24.6%

353

Doctor Who

21.6%

310

Antiques Roadshow

21.4%

307

The Apprentice

19.9%

285

Newsnight

17.7%

254

Panorama

17.4%

250

The Voice UK

13.7%

196

Casualty

12.3%

176

Christian TV channels

10.7%

153

Holby City

7.5%

107

The X Factor

6.3%

90

Mrs Brown's Boys

5.4%

78

None of the above

4.7%

68

I'm a Celebrity

3.6%

51

I never watch TV

3.6%

51

Coronation Street

3.3%

47

Eastenders

3.2%

46

Emmerdale

1.7%

24

Other (please specify)

269

answered question

1433

skipped question

113







21st Century Evangelicals survey February 2015

Which of the following radio stations (if any) do you frequently listen to? Please tick up to six

Answer Options

Response Percent

Response Count

BBC Radio 4

57.5%

823

Classic FM

35.7%

511

BBC Radio 2

24.2%

347

UCB

17.8%

255

Premier Radio

15.8%

226

BBC Radio 5 Live

15.5%

222

BBC Local Radio

14.0%

200

BBC Radio 3

10.0%

143

Other (please specify)

9.1%

130

Heart

7.7%

110

None of the above

7.7%

110

BBC Radio 4 Extra

6.4%

91

BBC Radio 1

5.3%

76

BBC World Service

5.2%

75

Smooth Radio

5.0%

71

BBC Radio Scotland

3.7%

53

Talksport

2.7%

39

Absolute Radio

2.0%

29

BBC Radio 6 Music

2.0%

28

LBC

1.8%

26

Capital FM

1.5%

22

Planet Rock

1.2%

17

Kiss

0.8%

12

Kerrang!

0.2%

3

BBC Radio 1Xtra

0.0%

0

answered question

1431

skipped question

115





Christmas

Ethical Consumerism November 2015

How far do you agree... ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

Through spending heavily over Christmas I usually run up debts for the new year.

1%

4%

6%

31%

59%


Oliver Cromwell was right - Christmas should be banned.

2%

1%

7%

33%

57%


I often find I spend more than I ought to over Christmas.

3%

24%

22%

37%

14%


I find the Christmas period particularly painful or depressing.

4%

10%

20%

37%

29%


I often invite people who are lonely or struggling to share Christmas in our household.

6%

23%

32%

30%

8%


I always make a special effort around Christmas to donate to charities and Christian causes.

14%

36%

32%

14%

4%


I try to celebrate Christmas with very simple festivities and an inexpensive pattern of spending.

16%

45%

23%

15%

1%


I think the consumer focus of Christmas in today's culture makes it impossible for people to appreciate the importance of the birth of Jesus.

21%

42%

17%

18%

2%


I usually celebrate Christmas in the traditional British way - food, family, presents, decorations etc.

31%

58%

8%

2%

1%


I find the emphasis on shopping and spending in the months before Christmas oppressive.

33%

45%

15%

6%

2%


Business exploits the "pester power" of children at Christmas time in cynical / dangerous / unhealthy ways.

33%

50%

14%

2%

1%


I try to celebrate Christmas above all as a celebration of the birth of Jesus, with thanksgiving, worship and prayer.

53%

39%

6%

1%

1%


Please feel free to comment

139

answered question

1341





Ethical Concerns



Ethical Consumerism November 2015

How concerned are you about each of the following ? Please tick one per row

Answer Options

taking some action or campaigning about it

somewhat concerned

not very concerned

not at all concerned

Response Count

people-trafficking and modern slavery

46%

54%

1%

0%

100%

international trade injustice

27%

61%

10%

2%

100%

cheap goods produced by cheap labour

27%

62%

10%

1%

100%

carbon emissions and global warming

26%

51%

18%

5%

100%

tax avoidance by multinational companies

24%

65%

9%

2%

100%

employment on less than the living wage

23%

67%

9%

1%

100%

the way sexualised images and language are used in advertising

21%

70%

8%

0%

100%

bribery and corruption in global businesses

20%

70%

9%

1%

100%

supermarkets' contracts with British farmers

20%

63%

14%

2%

100%

deregulated Sunday trading

19%

55%

21%

5%

100%

products that degrade the environment (e.g. palm oil, cattle ranches, rainforest timber)

19%

57%

22%

3%

100%

UK trade with oppressive regimes

18%

71%

10%

2%

100%

excessive food miles

14%

55%

26%

6%

100%

the arms trade

14%

67%

17%

2%

100%

promotion of gambling

13%

72%

14%

1%

100%

promotion of tobacco

11%

62%

25%

3%

100%

promotion of alcohol

7%

58%

29%

5%

100%

answered question

1410

skipped question

59





Advertising

Ethical Consumerism November 2015

How far do you agree... ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

If I get a marketing cold phone call I usually just say no or hang up.

63%

31%

3%

2%

1%

100%

There should be stricter controls on using sexualised or degrading images in advertising.

60%

34%

5%

1%

1%

100%

The advertising of some services and products (tobacco, alcohol, gambling, sexual services) should be totally banned.

38%

37%

17%

8%

2%

100%

I try to resist most of the advertising messages I encounter.

33%

49%

15%

3%

1%

100%

Too many advertisers target their messages towards children.

27%

50%

20%

2%

0%

100%

Christian ministries should have more freedom to advertise the offer of the gospel.

25%

43%

28%

3%

1%

100%

Consumerism is eroding family and community life.

25%

51%

20%

4%

1%

100%

It is worth paying a bit more in order to support ethical businesses.

24%

63%

10%

1%

1%

100%

I find personally targeted online advertising disturbing.

22%

41%

23%

11%

3%

100%

The advertising industry should be more tightly regulated.

21%

46%

27%

5%

1%

100%

The volume of advertising in our culture is on balance making us more unhappy.

21%

52%

22%

4%

1%

100%

There is far too much advertising in our society - it should be legally restricted.

12%

31%

39%

15%

3%

100%

I think advertising is in general an unethical industry.

11%

33%

40%

15%

2%

100%

I can rarely afford to buy anything other than the cheapest goods available, even if I know they are produced through the exploitation and suffering of other people.

2%

9%

22%

47%

19%

100%

I feel under pressure to consume in order to give my family / children a similar lifestyle to their peers.

2%

16%

27%

36%

20%

100%

I feel under pressure to consume in order to match the lifestyle of other people in my social circles.

1%

11%

17%

41%

30%

100%

I know I am deeply influenced by advertising on TV.

1%

6%

18%

43%

32%

100%

answered question

1344

skipped question

125



Inter Generational Inequality

Our February 2016 survey touched on a number of economic aspects of the gap between the baby boomer generation and millennials and showed there was much concern about this, both in terms of care of the elderly and prospects for the future. Again these tables will appear without much commentary.

From Generation to Generation - February 2016

How far do you agree... ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

SA + A

Care workers should be paid at least the full living wage including time taken travelling.

50%

44%

4%

1%

0%

100%

94%

All frail elderly people are entitled to high quality health and social care at the end of their lives.

47%

45%

7%

1%

0%

100%

92%

Churches should be actively involved in supporting and improving the care of elderly people.

30%

58%

11%

1%

0%

100%

87%

Elderly people who need care should make a reasonable contribution to the cost up to a fixed limit.

8%

64%

19%

8%

1%

100%

72%

Much of the care support for the elderly on offer today is inadequate.

23%

48%

22%

6%

1%

100%

71%

Over the next 50 years, younger people will need to work very hard and pay high taxes just to support an older generation who can't provide for their personal care.

10%

54%

28%

7%

1%

100%

64%

Families should take the main responsibility for caring for elderly people.

10%

50%

32%

8%

1%

100%

60%

When elderly people need social care and support it should be provided free of charge by the state.

12%

33%

33%

20%

2%

100%

45%

Please add any comments

184

answered question

1530

skipped question

155











From Generation to Generation - February 2016

How far do you agree... ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

SA+ A

It's not right that students have to go into considerable debt if they want a university education.

31%

40%

16%

10%

2%


71%

Life will be more precarious for millenials than for the boomer generation.

15%

54%

22%

7%

1%


69%

Many young adult's hopes of owning a home will depend on finance or inheritance from their parents or grandparents - I don't think that is fair.

17%

47%

23%

12%

2%


63%

I find it a problem that today's graduates need to take up unpaid or low paid internships before they can get a "proper" job.

18%

45%

20%

15%

2%


63%

It is important to be able to leave one's estate to the next generation without being subject to large amounts of inheritance tax.

18%

41%

23%

13%

5%


59%

All generations are much the same in what they want out of life.

7%

49%

24%

19%

2%


55%

The older generation have over consumed resources without much concern for the future of the planet.

12%

43%

23%

18%

4%


55%

Families are damaged when the different generations end up living far away from each other.

7%

43%

34%

14%

1%


50%

The baby boomer generation have profited from investment in home ownership to the disadvantage of the next generations.

13%

34%

30%

21%

3%


46%

Many of the older generation have pensions and other benefits that are over generous.

5%

21%

29%

37%

7%


26%

Boomers are very likely to spend on themselves instead of saving for their kid's inheritance.

2%

16%

38%

39%

5%


18%

Future generations will have a happier, healthier and more prosperous life experience than mine.

1%

5%

43%

44%

7%


5%

answered question

1538

skipped question

147





From Generation to Generation - February 2016

In terms of your impression of the differences between the "baby boomers" generation (people born before 1960) and the millennial generation (born since 1990) how far do you agree... ?

Answer Options

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Response Count

SA + A

Millennials have more freedom than boomers had in terms of their moral and lifestyle choices.

27%

54%

12%

5%

1%


82%

Millennials are more fortunate than boomers in their easy access to and understanding of information and communications technology.

25%

47%

20%

7%

2%


71%

Millennials are more concerned about the environment than boomers ever were.

13%

53%

22%

10%

2%


66%

Millennials are more likely to end up in poverty and debt than boomers ever were.

13%

47%

29%

10%

1%


60%

Boomers tend to have more conservative social and political attitudes than millennials.

9%

49%

28%

12%

1%


59%

Millennials are less likely to achieve a stable and happy family life than boomers generally did.

10%

47%

30%

11%

2%


57%

Boomers generally had happier childhoods than millennials.

8%

33%

46%

12%

1%


41%

Boomers generally had better career options than millennials.

8%

31%

30%

28%

4%


39%

Millennials are more fortunate than boomers in growing up in a more diverse society.

5%

31%

40%

19%

4%


37%

Boomers in general did an excellent job in raising their children.

4%

32%

52%

11%

1%


36%

Millennials are more committed to social justice than boomers ever were.

4%

30%

40%

23%

3%


34%

Millennials in general are just as involved in and caring for the older genrations of their family as boomers ever were.

2%

27%

38%

28%

5%


29%

Boomers were generally more privileged than millennials.

6%

22%

38%

29%

5%


28%

Millennials have better music and entertainment than boomers ever had.

5%

20%

37%

28%

9%


26%

Boomers on average are likely to live longer and healthier lives than millennials.

4%

21%

45%

26%

3%


25%

Boomers had more educational opportunities than millennials.

6%

15%

20%

48%

12%


21%

answered question

1559

skipped question

126

Parents hopes for their offspring's future prioritise faith and marriage over finance and comfort.

From Generation to Generation - February 2016

What are your hopes and prayers for your children (and grandchildren)?Please rank these items by ticking only one in each column

Answer Options

1 Most important of all

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 least important

Response Count

a good and long lasting marriage

4%

37%

23%

14%

11%

6%

4%

2%


a family of their own

1%

4%

13%

18%

21%

21%

16%

7%


a fulfilling career or vocation

1%

8%

18%

22%

23%

18%

8%

3%


financial security

1%

4%

7%

13%

15%

20%

34%

6%


good personal health and wellbeing

6%

36%

22%

16%

9%

7%

3%

1%


making a significant contribution to society

2%

15%

20%

18%

15%

13%

11%

6%


a comfortable home in a nice neighbourhood

1%

1%

2%

4%

6%

10%

17%

58%


to be faithful followers of Christ

89%

5%

2%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%


Other things you would long and pray for them (please specify)

221

answered question

1236

skipped question

449